(1) Symptoms:
Affected fish exhibit darkening of the body, abdominal swelling with ascites (fluid accumulation), red and swollen anus, skin and gill hemorrhages, and pronounced internal organ bleeding.
(2) Preventive Measures:
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Remove external parasites (primarily leeches and fish lice) from overwintering koi.
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Preventive bath: Bathe koi in iodophor solution with an iodine concentration of 100 mg/L for 20 minutes.
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Use a heater to maintain the aquarium water temperature above 20°C.
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For larger koi, intraperitoneal injection of SVC vaccine can be administered for prevention.
(3) Treatment Method:
Injection of SVC-specific antibodies can help prevent re-infection in affected koi.
