A tri-colored koi with a black base, accompanied by red and white patterns, and black markings at the base of the pectoral fins, is called a Showa Sanshoku. Along with Kohaku and Taisho Sanke, it is revered as one of the "Big Three" of koi, representing the most iconic varieties.
Key Characteristics of Showa Sanshoku:
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Head Pattern
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Must have a large, vibrant red patch (hi). Ideal red patches are uniform, intensely colored, and have sharp, clean edges.
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White Base
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The white areas should be pure and snow-white. Specimens with white patches on both the head and tail are highly valued.
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Black Patterns (Sumi)
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Head: The presence of menware("face cut")—a lightning-shaped black pattern crossing over the red patch—is considered ideal.
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Body: Sumishould appear as bold, lightning-like or triangular markings that wrap around the abdomen.
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Fins: Pectoral fins must have distinct circular black spots called moto-guro("base black"). Fins that are entirely white, entirely black, or show red markings are considered faults.
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Comparison with Taisho Sanke:
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Feature
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Showa Sanshoku
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Taisho Sanke
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Base Color
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Black-dominated
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White-dominated
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Head Sumi
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Required (e.g., menware)
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Not allowed
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Pectoral Fins
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Moto-guro(black base)
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Black stripes
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Sumion Body
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Wraps to the belly
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Limited to the back
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Note: The term "Sanshoku" means "three colors" (red, white, black). While "Showa Sanke" is sometimes used colloquially, "Showa Sanshoku" is the technically accurate name.
