I. Core Advantages

1. Precise Nutritional Control
   Allows flexible adjustment of protein (recommended 45%-50%), fat (8%-12%), and functional additives (such as spirulina, probiotics) according to the koi's growth stage.
2. Fresh and Controllable Ingredients
   Uses fresh fish, shrimp, and high-quality fishmeal, avoiding the risk of oxidation or spoilage that may occur in commercial feeds.
3. Excellent Palatability
   Freshly prepared feed emits a natural, appealing aroma, significantly stimulating koi appetite and reducing picky eating behavior.
   

II. Key Practices for Autumn "Fattening"

1. Timing
   Feed continuously for 20-30 days when water temperature stabilizes at 24-26°C, combined with 5-6 daily feedings (each not exceeding 1% of body weight).
2. Example Basic Formula
   Fresh fish mince (40%) + shrimp meal (20%) + spirulina powder (5%) + wheat germ (15%) + fish oil (3%) + vitamin premix (2%) + binder (starch-based, 15%).
3. Production Essentials
   Ingredients must be frozen for sterilization, mixed at low temperatures to preserve nutrient activity, and pellet size should match the koi's mouth size.
   

III. Precautions and Risk Control

1. Nutritional Balance
   Strictly calculate the calcium-to-phosphorus ratio (1.2:1 to 1.5:1) and add compound vitamins and trace minerals to avoid developmental deformities.
2. Water Quality Maintenance
   Uneaten feed dissolves easily; enhance mechanical filtration accordingly and monitor ammonia daily (<0.1 mg/L).
3. Hygiene and Safety
   Freshly prepared feed should be used within 24 hours or vacuum-sealed and frozen (-20°C for no more than 7 days).
   

IV. Recommended Applications

1. Recommended Scenarios
   Pre-competition冲刺 phase for show-grade koi, conditioning of weak or convalescing fish, and precise management of small, high-quality ponds.
2. Alternative Solutions
   If homemade feed is not feasible, opt for high-end growth feed supplemented with freeze-dried worms/fresh shrimp as a supplement, not exceeding 10% of the total daily feed amount.